Grammar, etc.

Adverb svarar på frågorna:  hur?   när?   hur ofta/ länge?   var/vart?
Slutar oftast med -ly.

Från adjektiv → adverb

easy lätt → easily  på ett lätt sätt
final → finally  slutligen
general allmän → generally vanligtvis
personal → personally
possible → possibly
probable sannolik → probably antagligen
simple → simply
special särskild, speciell → specially särskilt, speciellt

Add -ly

clear → clearly
constant → constantly konstant, ständigt
easy → easily lätt
fabulous  → fabulously
marvelous → marvelously
normal → normally för det mesta
new → newly på ett nytt sätt
perfect → perfectly perfekt
rapid snabb → rapidly snabbt
recent nyligen inträffad → recently nyss
slow långsam → slowly långsamt
tranquil lugn → tranquilly lugnt
true sann → truly verkligen
unfortunate olycklig → unfortunately dessvärre, tyvärr

Adverb som anger var någon eller något är

across from mittemot
behind, to the rear  bakom, baktill
below nedanför, under
in front of framför, framtill, mittemot
next to bredvid
on, upon ovanpå, ovanför
to the left till vänster
to the right till höger
under nedanför, nere... nedåt

Några adverb som saknar -ly

a little lite
always alltid
never aldrig
too much för mycket
very mycket,väldigt

• Put 2 words together to make a new word!
• Exempel:  super + market marknad → supermarket
• Sometimes you can use the meanings betydelse  of the little words to figure out lista ut  the meaning of the new (compound)  word. Here is an example: A doghouse is a house for a dog:   
  dog + house → doghouse
• When you put two words together, sometimes the new word's meaning is very different. Example: butter + fly → butterfly.
  (Have you ever seen a stick of butter that flies or a fly made of butter? Of course not!)
• Compound words about water: Kan du komma på några sammansatta ord som har ordet "vatten i sig? Skriv dem i rutan nedanför:. T ex vatten + ana = vattenånga ° 

Open compound words

Many compound words have a gap lucka.

• Examples:
  • central  station
  • fire  engine
  • high  school
  • ice  cream
  • peanut  butter jordnötssmör
  • post  office

Swedish has many compound sammansätta  words

including glasstrut which could mean:  glas-strut • glass-strut • glass-trut
    ← havstrut (a kind of gull)

Öva

Write the words in Swedish:

Exemples

can + not→ can’t
do + not→ don’t

let + us + go→ let’s go

Combine Dra steck!

there is        wouldn’t
would not     there’s
did not         didn’t
do not          couldn’t
could not      don’t

Fill-in

Can't is short for  (är en förkortning för)   cannot.
Couldn’t is short for _____________
Didn’t is short for _____________
Don’t is short for _____________
Won’t is short for _____________ (Obs! En lurig fråga!)
Wouldn’t is short for _____________

In other languages

  French: ce+est→ c'est (som i den kända frasen C'est la vie Sånt är livet)
Spanish: Costa + de of + el the + Sol = Costa del Sol = Solkusten
  Swedish nr 2 (=nummer 2).  Lindemarken (=Lindesbergs marknaden).
  German (tyska): Wie geht + es→ Wie geht’s (Hur går det?)

Historical Present

Examples

• "Fil" som man äter, "fil" som man kör på och "fil" som man filar sig med.
• Two words that sound låter  exactly the same: “sea hav” & “see se”

A sailor sjöman  went to sea sea sea
To see what he could see see see
But all that he could see see see
Was the bottom of the deep blue sea sea sea.

2 Words, 1 Pronunciation uttal

Öva

Circle the word that’s a/an…

number	ate	eight
animal	bare	bear
insect (that buzzes)	be	bee	Bea (=Beatrice)
sound (made by the wind dåtid [past tense dåtid])	blew	blue
"place" (on the Internet or IRL)	cite	sight	site
Bambie-like animal	dear	deer
sickness (short for influenza)	flew	flu
rabbit-like animal	hair	hare
place that is not low down	hi	high
thing that gets bigger the more you take away	hole	whole
small hotel	in	inn
word that starts the same in Swedish      (both answers are correct - do you know why?)	know	no
man	mail	male
American word for head teacher	principal	principle
things queens do	rain	reign
thing people do in a cafe	meat	meet
turn that is not left	right	rite	write
thing you do with pen and paper	right	rite	write
word that means coast	shore	sure
word used when counting	some	sum
very hot place	son	sun
metal	steal	steel
story	tail	tale
short way to say "they are"	their	there	they're
way to say whose it is	their	there	they're
word that means also	to	too	two
thing you do in queues (while waiting on line)	wait	wei
thing you do with clothes	wear	where
thing from a tree	wood	would
short for "you are"	your	you're

• More info: 1

                                      "Girl words"  &  "boy words"
                                                feminin och maskulin:

More People

• aunt/ uncle    bride / bridgeroom      headmistress  headmaster    heroine/ hero
• lady /  gentleman   mother / father    neice/nephew   sister/brother   witch/wizard
• Also words that end in -ess (but not -ness): (godess, princess, stewardess, waitress)

Names

• Most girls'  names end with a vowel sound vokalljud (Emma, Stephanie, Naomi, Emily),
  especially with -a  (Isabella, Sophia, Olivia, Amelia, Jessica, Ella, Mia, Sarah,...).
• Few boys'  names end with -a (Joshua....)
• Both girls and boys are called Alex (and Chris, Jackie, Kim, Pat, Robin, Sam, Toni/Tony,...).

Animals

• Cattle: cow, bull
• Horses: mare, stallion 
• Lions: lioness, lion
• Pigs: sow, boar
• Some birds: hen, cock
  more

More info

· She is blonde Hon är ljushårig.   He is blond. Han är ljushårig.
·   Både she is blonde och she is blond.
"Run like a Girl"

· Talar kvinnor och män olika språk?
· The Switch
· Humorous Sterotypes About Men & Women

No  vs  No = No Good

Not  vs  don't/ doesn't/ didn't

:( No    →    Yes :)

Öva

Gör om så att meningarna säger "no"

The plural of most nouns substantiv  is formed by suffixing -s or -es:
one book →two books, one class →two classes

Exceptions undantag

• men, feet, geese, mice, women, teeth
• oxen, children
• knives, wives, leaves, halves

Words that are the same in singuar & plural

• sheep, deer, moose, Japanese, Swiss, ton

Words from other languages språk

• Many English words come from other languages språk.
  Some of these have have kept their original (foreign utlandsk) plural:
         crises, stimuli, bacilli, indices*, bases, criterion→criteria*

Uncountables

• Substantiv som inte kan räknas (= inga a/an  1 2 3...) har bara en form:
  luggage, food, furniture
  De flesta substantiv har två former: 1 bag/2 bags  1 boat/2 boats  1 pen/2 pens
   
  • To count uncountables, use short phrases like "a lot of":
            a lot of (luggage, food, furniture),  a bit of..., a piece of....
  • Countables & uncountables can be used together:
    IKEA sells...
    • large backpacks & other luggage
    • meatballs & other food
    • tables & other furniture etc.
  • Vissa ord hamnar i bägge grupperna — med olika betydelse. Exempel:
    Been there 5 times (countable). No time (uncountable) to return.

More info

• Rules for Forming the Plural
• Unusual Plurals That Work Like "Attorneys General"

across rakt över • after • at • before • innan  below under  • in • near när • on • to • under

1.  See you _____ the bus stop hållplats.
2.  7 comes __________ 8.
3.  There is water ________ the bridge bro.
4.  Fish swim simmar ______ the water vatten.
5.  Lunch comes __________ breakfast frukost.
6.  Ayan is going _____ the mall köpcentrum.
7.  It is very cold kallt!  30 degrees grader__________ zero!
8.  nära= _______
9.  The computer is _____ the desk skrivbord.
10. You walk __________ the street gata.

at • by vid • next to bredvid • on • than än • through genom

1.  Mimi is taller längre ______ Linda.
2.  The mouse mus is __________ the computer.
3.  The library bibliotek  opens ________ 8:30 am.
4.  The pot kastrull is ______ the stove spisen.
5.  genom = _______
6.  We sat __________ the fire eld  to get warm.

• Compare jämför:
  • "Woman, without her man, is a savage vilde."
  • "Woman: Without her, man is a savage."

• Where you put the commas makes a difference!
• An old anecdote skämtsamma berättelse:

  En dödsdömde fången skulle hängas. I sista minuten kom ett telegram till fängelsen med ordalydelsen: "Avrättas, ej benådad".
  Avrättningen verkställdes, men några timmar senare kom ett nytt telegram, nu med korrekt kommatering: "Avrättas ej, benådad". Men då var det för sent.
  Kommatecknets placering kan vara en fråga om liv och död!

Öva  corrected ver of   Anette Nordlander, Stigslunds skola, Gävle – www.lektion.se

Varje av meningarna nedan svarar på en av frågorna ovan.
Skriv frågan till vänster om meningen.

My birthday is in June.
The show begins at quarter past seven.
School starts in August. 
We went camping last summer.
I’ll be back at nine o´clock.
We can meet on Saturday.
Because I’m thirsty.
Well, all the paint was coming off so I have to repaint it.
It’s pouring (raining) so boots are great!
I don’t feel well.
That’s why I’m not in school.
I’m fine thank you!
It costs 7 dollars.
It’s minus 10 (degrees)!
I’m eleven.
I was ill for five days.
We got here by boat.
I’m upstairs.
We are going to Spain.
Look in your second drawer.
There is your new t-shirt.
I think he is in school.
The bike is in the garage.
I’m going to Peter's.
I’m singing.
Isn’t it great?
It’s a homemade bike!!
She is out in the garden – digging.
How about going fishing?
My favorite food is pasta.
Her name is Jill.
This is my brother John.
Jessica is taking me to tennis practice.
It’s me!
I’d love to go swimming.
I’m very scared of spiders.
My father helped me.
Kim is my best friend.
That house over there is mine.
I like the green one the best.
They went that way.

Fyll i frågeorden som saknas!

Layout modified ver. of Johanna Svensson, Dagbergs skola, Norrköping - www.lektion.se

___________________ is the football-match? När är fotbollsmatchen?
___________________ one do you like best? Vilken gillar du bäst?
___________________ are you late? Varför är du sen?
___________________ old are you? Hur gammal är du?
___________________ is your name? Vad heter du?
___________________ is the bus-stop? Var är busshållplatsen?
___________________ are you doing? Vad gör du?
___________________ can you always be so nice? Hur kan du alltid vara så snäll?
___________________ is it? Vem är det?
___________________ do you like cats? Varför gillar du katter?
___________________ are you coming home? När kommer du hem?
___________________ shall we do? Vad ska vi göra?
___________________ can we meet again? När kan vi träffas igen?
___________________ is my pencil? Var är min penna?
___________________ wants to play tennis? Vem vill spela tennis?
___________________ are you not at school today? Varför är du inte i skolan idag?
___________________ can you say that? Hur kan du säger så?
___________________ country do you come from? Vilket land kommer du ifrån?
___________________ is he now? Var är han nu?
___________________ is she coming home? När kommer hon hem?
___________________ is your favourite food? Vad är din favoritmat?
___________________ is afraid of snakes? Vem är rädd för ormar?

Verb talar om vad någon eller något gör.
Också ord som: heter, är.
 

Grundform

• to cry
• to sing
• to skate att åka skridsko
• to talk att prata

Dåtid  (har gjort:  i morse, igår, förra veckan, förr i tiden osv)

• cry –  cried  (y→i)
• skate åker skridsko  –   skated åkte skridsko   (Det redan slutar på -e)
• sing –   sang sjung   (Det är långt ifrån alltid att man lägger till -ed)
• talk –   talked     
• Använd alltid has när det gäller vad hon/han har gjort: he/ she has talked
  But: I have talked • you have talked • we have talked • they have talked

Framtid  (ska göra, kommer att göra)

• I will do it. I'll do it. I'm going to do it. (Det är inte standard att säga: "I gonna do it")

Pågående - det som håller på att hända

• I am singing. You are eating. He is running. She is painting. We are talking. You all are reading. They are sleeping.
• Skilj på "She is swimming" just nu, kanske första gången i sitt liv och "She swims" (regelbundet, eller som en vana).

Tredje person singular: I eat, he eats

att vara

Questions

Irregular verbs

Öva: 1 2 3      139 common irregular verbs

Change the verbs

modified

1. It was warm, so I (take) _____ took__________off my coat.
2. The film was very good. I (enjoy) __________________it very much.
3. I was so tired, so I (go) ________________________to bed early.
4. It was a funny situation but nobody (laugh) _______________________.
5. The window was open and a bird (fly) ____________________into the room.
6. The hotel was very expensive. It (cost) ________________very much.
7. The bags (be)______________very heavy.
8. We (see) __________Rose in town a few days ago.
9. I (go) _______________to the cinema three times last week.
10. She (have) ______________dinner with some friends yesterday.
11. Ann (meet) _____________Tom at the airport a few weeks ago.
12. Thomas (drive) _________________too fast.
13. I (hear) _____________some noises behind me.

Charlie Chaplin

Source

1. Watch Chaplin on        2. Answer the questions.

Describe Charlie Chaplin:   _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Fill in the missing verbs to describe what Charlie did:
He (catch) ___________________ a fish.
He (take) ___________________ off his gloves.
He (light) ___________________ a cigarette.
He (walk) ___________________ along a road.
A car (drive) ___________________ past him and he (fall) ___________________ backwards.
He (kick) ___________________ another man.
He (be) ___________________ a soldier and ___________________(dance).
He (have) ___________________ a gun and was (hit) ___________________ by a snowball.
He (run) ___________________ to the water and ____________________(dive) into it.
He (eat) ___________________ spaghetti.
A woman (hit) ___________________ him with her umbrella.
He (lift) ___________________ a heavy bag and (swing) ___________________ it around.
He (walk) ___________________ backwards.
He (come) ___________________ out of the sand and a gun (point) at him.
He (dig) ___________________ back down again.
He(fly) ___________________ in an old plane.
He (throw) ___________________ food at another man.
He (be) ___________________ a policeman and he _________________(knock) a big
man on the head.
He (try) ___________________ to put out a fire on a woman’s dress.
He (balance) ___________________ on a rope and a monkey ______________(hang) on
to him.
He (chase) ___________________ a man along the road.
Some people (jump) ___________________ off a car.
He (make) ___________________ potatoes dance on the table.
He (clap) ___________________ his hands.
He (stand) ___________________ under a lamp shade.
He (jump) ___________________ into a big chest.
He (rub) ___________________ a baby’s stomach.
He (run) ___________________ away dressed as a tree.
He (slide) ___________________ down a roof.
In the end he (eat) ___________________ a baby’s cake.